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吐魯番合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:34709

目前我國生產吐魯番合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的原料有菱(ling)(ling)鎂石(shi)、白云石(shi)和石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)。所采用的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為二步(bu)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。即先將菱(ling)(ling)鎂石(shi)、白云石(shi)和石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)在較低(di)的溫度下(xia)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao),生產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和生石(shi)灰(hui)。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細(xi)、混料、成型(xing),最后(hou)經(jing)過高(gao)溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的合成鎂鈣砂(sha)。具體(ti)的煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝有半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭(tan)豎窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝;干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、高(gao)溫燃油豎窯(yao)(yao)和回(hui)轉窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

吐魯番合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半(ban)干法(fa)壓坯、隧道窯煅燒工藝該煅燒工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法壓(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝

該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)是以輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)為原料。將輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例(li)加入輪碾機中(zhong)再加水混合,混好(hao)的(de)(de)合成(cheng)料在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)料球(qiu),干燥后裝入以焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)(huo)無(wu)煙煤為燃(ran)料的(de)(de)豎(shu)窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。裝料方式是焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)(huo)無(wu)煙煤和(he)料球(qiu)分(fen)層裝入。我國遼寧省生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)(de)企業中(zhong),大部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝。所用(yong)豎(shu)窯的(de)(de)規(gui)格一般(ban)為3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料球(qiu)和(he)焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)混在(zai)一起,焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)灰分(fen)有一部分(fen)混入到料球(qiu)中(zhong),增加了(le)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)雜質含(han)量。

3、干(gan)法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝

該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高純(chun)度(du)(du)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)。將高純(chun)度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)、混合磨細后,直接(jie)將干(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)送(song)入(ru)高壓壓球(qiu)機中干(gan)壓成球(qiu),然后再(zai)送(song)入(ru)高溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)內(nei)煅燒(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的優(you)勢是(shi)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)(you)噴入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)高,可達到1800℃以上;燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)灰(hui)分(fen),對物料(liao)(liao)的純(chun)度(du)(du)沒(mei)有影響。目前,國內(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)的企業(ye),只有南方一(yi)家公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的工(gong)作襯(chen)用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)度(du)(du)堿(jian)性耐(nai)火制品砌(qi)筑(zhu),厚度(du)(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯(chen)于窯(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)(wen)磚砌(qi)筑(zhu)。以重柴油(you)(you)為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布置(zhi),間(jian)距900mm。每排設(she)計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓(yuan)周均布。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一(yi)臺(tai)計(ji)量泵(beng)供(gong)油(you)(you),一(yi)次(ci)空氣(qi)由(you)羅(luo)茨風(feng)機供(gong)應。實際生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)和出窯(yao),全部自動化控制,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力。

4、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅(duan)燒工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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