萊蕪合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏(liu)覽次數:34883目前我國生產萊蕪合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)原料有菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)藝。即先將菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)較低的(de)(de)(de)溫度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細、混料、成型,最后(hou)經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不(bu)同牌號的(de)(de)(de)合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)(de)(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝有半干法(fa)壓坯、隧道(dao)窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;半干法(fa)壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;干法(fa)壓球(qiu)、高(gao)溫燃(ran)油豎窯(yao)和(he)(he)(he)回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝。
1、半干(gan)法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)工藝該煅燒(shao)工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法(fa)壓球、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細粉(fen),計量(liang)后按比例加入(ru)輪(lun)碾機中再(zai)加水(shui)混合(he),混好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球機上(shang)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球,干燥(zao)后裝(zhuang)入(ru)以焦炭(tan)(tan)或無煙(yan)煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方式是焦炭(tan)(tan)或無煙(yan)煤和料(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)(fen)層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼寧省(sheng)生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂的(de)企(qi)業中,大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)采用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所用(yong)(yong)豎窯的(de)規(gui)格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)(liao)球和焦炭(tan)(tan)混在(zai)一起,焦炭(tan)(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)的(de)灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)有一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)混入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)球中,增加了(le)產品(pin)的(de)雜質含量(liang)。
3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)產高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純(chun)度合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂。將高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純(chun)度輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合磨(mo)細后(hou),直接將干粉料(liao)送入高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)球機中干壓(ya)(ya)成球,然后(hou)再(zai)送入高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)油噴入到(dao)料(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)(nei),在(zai)料(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),可達(da)到(dao)1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生(sheng)灰分(fen),對物料(liao)的(de)純(chun)度沒有(you)影響(xiang)。目(mu)前,國內(nei)(nei)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)產合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)企(qi)業,只有(you)南(nan)方一家(jia)公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規格(ge)為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)純(chun)度堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌筑,厚度為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質(zhi)保溫(wen)磚(zhuan)砌筑。以重柴油為燃(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布置,間(jian)(jian)距900mm。每排(pai)設(she)計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓(yuan)周均布。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一臺(tai)計(ji)量泵供(gong)油,一次空氣由(you)羅茨風機供(gong)應。實際生(sheng)產中使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)(yao),全部自(zi)動化(hua)控制(zhi),生(sheng)產能力。
4、干(gan)法壓球(qiu)、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。