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大慶合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34730

目前我國生產大慶合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)原料有(you)菱鎂石、白云石和(he)石灰石。所采用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即(ji)先(xian)將菱鎂石、白云石和(he)石灰石在較低的(de)溫度下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)生石灰。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細、混料、成(cheng)型(xing),最(zui)后(hou)經過高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂。具(ju)體的(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干法壓球(qiu)、焦(jiao)炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法壓球(qiu)、高(gao)溫燃油豎窯和(he)回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

大慶合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半(ban)干法壓坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)煅燒工藝(yi)該(gai)煅燒工藝(yi)

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半(ban)干法壓(ya)球、焦炭(tan)豎窯(yao)煅燒工藝

該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂是以(yi)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)分別(bie)磨(mo)成(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例加入(ru)輪碾機(ji)中(zhong)再加水混(hun)合(he)(he)(he),混(hun)好的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球機(ji)上壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球,干燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)以(yi)焦(jiao)炭或(huo)無煙(yan)煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)豎(shu)(shu)窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方式是焦(jiao)炭或(huo)無煙(yan)煤和料(liao)(liao)球分層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)(de)企業(ye)中(zhong),大部(bu)(bu)分采用該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球和焦(jiao)炭混(hun)在(zai)一起,焦(jiao)炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)灰分有一部(bu)(bu)分混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增(zeng)加了產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)雜質含量。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝

該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產高純度(du)合成鎂鈣(gai)砂。將高純度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和(he)(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)配料、混合磨細后,直接將干粉料送(song)(song)入高壓(ya)壓(ya)球機中干壓(ya)成球,然后再(zai)送(song)(song)入高溫燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料油(you)噴入到料層(ceng)內,在料層(ceng)內部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)高,可達到1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)料燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后不(bu)產生(sheng)灰分,對物料的(de)純度(du)沒有影響(xiang)。目前,國內采用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產合成鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業,只有南方一(yi)家(jia)公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規(gui)格為(wei)(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)用(yong)(yong)高純度(du)堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌筑,厚度(du)為(wei)(wei)350mm。工(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)體鋼(gang)殼之間用(yong)(yong)輕質保溫磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為(wei)(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料,煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,上下布置,間距900mm。每排設計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴配一(yi)臺計(ji)量泵(beng)供油(you),一(yi)次(ci)空氣由羅茨風機供應(ying)。實際生(sheng)產中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)出(chu)窯(yao)(yao),全部自動(dong)化控(kong)制(zhi),生(sheng)產能力。

4、干法壓球、回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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