寶山合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次(ci)數:34918目前我國生產寶山合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)原料(liao)有(you)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)為二(er)步(bu)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)藝(yi)。即(ji)先將(jiang)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較(jiao)低(di)的(de)溫(wen)度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產(chan)出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成(cheng)型(xing),最后經過高溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)出不同牌(pai)號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半干(gan)法壓(ya)坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);半干(gan)法壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)法壓(ya)球(qiu)、高溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯和(he)回轉窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒工藝該煅燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法(fa)壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒工(gong)藝(yi)
該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)(sha)是(shi)以(yi)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分別磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后按(an)比例加(jia)入輪(lun)碾機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)再加(jia)水混合(he),混好(hao)的合(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)(qiu)機(ji)上壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu),干燥后裝(zhuang)入以(yi)焦(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的豎(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方(fang)式是(shi)焦(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤和(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)分層裝(zhuang)入。我國遼寧省生產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)(sha)的企業中(zhong)(zhong),大部分采用該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎(shu)窯的規格一般為(wei)3m×16m。該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝簡單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅燒(shao)(shao)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)炭(tan)混在(zai)一起,焦(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)生的灰分有(you)一部分混入到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)品(pin)的雜質(zhi)含(han)量。
3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)于生(sheng)產高純(chun)度(du)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂。將(jiang)高純(chun)度(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石配料、混(hun)合(he)磨細后,直接將(jiang)干粉料送入(ru)高壓壓球機中干壓成(cheng)球,然(ran)后再送入(ru)高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)優勢是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料油(you)噴(pen)入(ru)到(dao)料層內,在(zai)料層內部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后不產生(sheng)灰分,對物料的(de)純(chun)度(du)沒有影響。目前(qian),國內采(cai)用(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業,只有南(nan)方一(yi)(yi)家公(gong)司。該(gai)公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)用(yong)高純(chun)度(du)堿性(xing)耐(nai)火制品砌筑,厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)于窯(yao)(yao)體(ti)鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚(zhuan)砌筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料,煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計4排燒(shao)(shao)嘴,上(shang)下布置,間(jian)距(ju)900mm。每排設計16支燒(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布。采(cai)用(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)嘴,每支燒(shao)(shao)嘴配一(yi)(yi)臺計量(liang)泵供油(you),一(yi)(yi)次(ci)空氣由羅茨風機供應(ying)。實際(ji)生(sheng)產中使用(yong)一(yi)(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)嘴。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全部自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)控制,生(sheng)產能(neng)力。
4、干法(fa)壓球、回轉(zhuan)窯煅燒工藝(yi)
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。