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衡陽合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次(ci)數:36094

目前我國生產衡陽合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)原料(liao)有菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)、白云石(shi)和(he)石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)。所采用(yong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先(xian)將菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)、白云石(shi)和(he)石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)在(zai)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配(pei)料(liao)、磨(mo)細、混料(liao)、成(cheng)型,最后經過高溫(wen)(wen)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)。具體的(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半干法(fa)壓(ya)坯、隧(sui)道窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法(fa)壓(ya)球、高溫(wen)(wen)燃(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)和(he)回轉窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

衡陽合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧(sui)道窯煅(duan)燒工藝該煅(duan)燒工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法(fa)壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝(yi)

該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝生產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)是(shi)以(yi)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例加入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)(zhong)再加水混(hun)合(he),混(hun)好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在雙(shuang)輥壓球機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干燥后裝入(ru)以(yi)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭或(huo)(huo)無(wu)煙(yan)煤為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內(nei)煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)式是(shi)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭或(huo)(huo)無(wu)煙(yan)煤和(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球分(fen)層(ceng)裝入(ru)。我國遼寧省生產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業中(zhong)(zhong),大部分(fen)采用該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝。所用豎窯的(de)規格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球和(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭混(hun)在一(yi)起,焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)產生的(de)灰分(fen)有一(yi)部分(fen)混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)(liao)球中(zhong)(zhong),增加了產品(pin)的(de)雜質含量。

3、干法(fa)壓球、燃(ran)油豎窯煅燒工藝

該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)于生(sheng)產(chan)高純度(du)(du)合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)。將高純度(du)(du)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合磨(mo)細后(hou),直接(jie)將干(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)送入(ru)高壓(ya)壓(ya)球機(ji)中(zhong)干(gan)壓(ya)成(cheng)球,然后(hou)再送入(ru)高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內,在料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生(sheng)灰分,對(dui)物料(liao)(liao)(liao)的純度(du)(du)沒有影(ying)響。目前(qian),國內采(cai)用(yong)該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)的企業,只(zhi)有南方一(yi)家公(gong)司(si)。該公(gong)司(si)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的工(gong)作襯(chen)(chen)用(yong)高純度(du)(du)堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌(qi)筑,厚度(du)(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯(chen)(chen)于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之(zhi)間用(yong)輕(qing)(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑。以(yi)重柴(chai)油(you)為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,上下(xia)布置,間距900mm。每(mei)排(pai)設(she)計(ji)16支(zhi)(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布。采(cai)用(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,每(mei)支(zhi)(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴配一(yi)臺計(ji)量(liang)泵供(gong)油(you),一(yi)次空(kong)氣由羅茨(ci)風機(ji)供(gong)應。實際生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)使用(yong)一(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全部自動化(hua)控制(zhi),生(sheng)產(chan)能力。

4、干(gan)法壓球、回轉窯煅燒工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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