楚雄合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34788目前我國生產楚雄合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)(de)原料有(you)菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所采用的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下輕燒(shao)(shao),生產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)、輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細、混料、成型(xing),最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出(chu)不(bu)同牌號的(de)(de)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半干(gan)法(fa)壓坯、隧(sui)道(dao)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干(gan)法(fa)壓球、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)法(fa)壓球、高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油(you)豎窯和(he)回轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法壓(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)該煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工藝生產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石(shi)和輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)(yang)化鎂為(wei)原料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)白云石(shi)和輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)(yang)化鎂分別(bie)磨(mo)成(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比例加入輪碾機(ji)中再加水混(hun)合,混(hun)好的(de)合成(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥(gun)壓球機(ji)上壓成(cheng)料(liao)球,干(gan)燥后(hou)裝入以焦(jiao)炭(tan)或無煙(yan)煤為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)豎窯內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)。裝料(liao)方式(shi)是焦(jiao)炭(tan)或無煙(yan)煤和料(liao)球分層裝入。我國遼(liao)寧省(sheng)生產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)企業中,大部(bu)分采用該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工藝。所用豎窯的(de)規(gui)格一般為(wei)3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工藝簡單,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)過程中料(liao)球和焦(jiao)炭(tan)混(hun)在一起,焦(jiao)炭(tan)燃(ran)燒(shao)產(chan)生的(de)灰分有一部(bu)分混(hun)入到料(liao)球中,增加了(le)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)雜質(zhi)含量。
3、干(gan)法(fa)壓球、燃(ran)油(you)豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝(yi)
該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)高純(chun)度(du)(du)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)。將高純(chun)度(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)配料(liao)(liao)、混合磨細后(hou),直(zhi)接(jie)將干粉料(liao)(liao)送(song)入高壓(ya)壓(ya)球機(ji)中干壓(ya)成(cheng)球,然后(hou)再送(song)入高溫燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不(bu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰(hui)分,對物(wu)料(liao)(liao)的純(chun)度(du)(du)沒有影響。目前(qian),國內(nei)采(cai)用(yong)該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)的企(qi)業(ye),只有南方一(yi)家(jia)公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的規格為(wei)(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的工(gong)作襯用(yong)高純(chun)度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品砌筑,厚度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕質保溫磚砌筑。以重柴(chai)油(you)為(wei)(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上(shang)下布置,間(jian)距(ju)900mm。每排(pai)設(she)計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周(zhou)均(jun)布。采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一(yi)臺計量泵供油(you),一(yi)次(ci)空氣(qi)由羅(luo)茨風機(ji)供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連(lian)續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),全(quan)部自動(dong)化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力。
4、干法壓(ya)球、回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。