瓊海合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數(shu):35991目前我國生產瓊海合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)有菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅燒(shao)、入工(gong)合(he)成(cheng)工(gong)藝(yi)。即(ji)先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度下輕燒(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕燒(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然(ran)后進行配(pei)料(liao)、磨細、混(hun)料(liao)、成(cheng)型,最后經過高溫(wen)(wen)煅燒(shao),煅燒(shao)出不同牌號的(de)(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭(tan)豎窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球(qiu)、高溫(wen)(wen)燃油豎窯(yao)和(he)回轉窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半(ban)干(gan)法壓坯(pi)、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)該煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂是(shi)以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)為原(yuan)料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)分別(bie)磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)細粉(fen),計量(liang)(liang)后按(an)比例加入(ru)輪碾機(ji)中再加水混(hun)(hun)(hun)合(he),混(hun)(hun)(hun)好的合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥壓(ya)球(qiu)機(ji)上壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥(zao)后裝入(ru)以焦炭或無煙煤(mei)為燃料(liao)的豎窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)方式是(shi)焦炭或無煙煤(mei)和(he)(he)(he)料(liao)球(qiu)分層裝入(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂的企業(ye)中,大(da)部分采用該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用豎窯(yao)的規格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡單,產品成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但(dan)在煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)球(qiu)和(he)(he)(he)焦炭混(hun)(hun)(hun)在一起,焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)的灰分有一部分混(hun)(hun)(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)球(qiu)中,增加了產品的雜(za)質含量(liang)(liang)。
3、干法壓球、燃(ran)油豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝
該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于生產高純(chun)度(du)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)。將高純(chun)度(du)輕燒(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和輕燒(shao)白云石(shi)配料(liao)、混合磨細后,直接(jie)將干(gan)粉料(liao)送入高壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)球機(ji)中(zhong)干(gan)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)球,然后再送入高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅燒(shao)。這(zhe)種煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)油噴入到料(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)層內(nei)部(bu)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao),煅燒(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高,可達到1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)后不(bu)產生灰分,對物料(liao)的純(chun)度(du)沒有影響。目前,國內(nei)采用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝生產合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)的企業,只有南方一家(jia)公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)度(du)堿性耐火(huo)制品砌(qi)筑,厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之(zhi)間用(yong)(yong)輕質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑。以重柴油為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅燒(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計4排燒(shao)嘴,上(shang)下布置,間距(ju)900mm。每排設計16支燒(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)嘴,每支燒(shao)嘴配一臺(tai)計量泵供(gong)油,一次空氣由羅(luo)茨風機(ji)供(gong)應。實際生產中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)一排燒(shao)嘴。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全部(bu)自動化控制,生產能(neng)力。
4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅燒(shao)工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。