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合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏(liu)覽(lan)次數:34450

目前我國生產合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的(de)原料(liao)有菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所采用的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為二(er)步煅(duan)燒、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即(ji)先將菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在(zai)較低的(de)溫(wen)度下輕(qing)燒,生(sheng)(sheng)產出(chu)輕(qing)燒氧化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)燒白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰。然后進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型,最后經過高溫(wen)煅(duan)燒,煅(duan)燒出(chu)不(bu)同牌號(hao)的(de)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)。具體(ti)的(de)煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半(ban)干法壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半(ban)干法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干法壓(ya)球、高溫(wen)燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)和(he)回轉窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。

合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)該煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半(ban)干法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝

該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂是(shi)以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例(li)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加(jia)水混合(he),混好的合(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓球機上(shang)壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干(gan)燥(zao)后裝入(ru)(ru)以焦炭或無(wu)煙煤為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)的豎(shu)窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)焦炭或無(wu)煙煤和(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)層裝入(ru)(ru)。我國遼寧省生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的企業中(zhong),大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)采用該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝。所(suo)用豎(shu)窯的規(gui)格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球和(he)焦炭混在一(yi)起,焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的灰分(fen)(fen)有一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)混入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的雜質(zhi)含(han)量。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝

該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)用(yong)(yong)于生產(chan)高純(chun)度(du)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂。將(jiang)高純(chun)度(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合(he)磨細后(hou),直接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)送入高壓壓球(qiu)(qiu)機中干壓成球(qiu)(qiu),然后(hou)再送入高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)的(de)(de)優勢是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)油噴入到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)純(chun)度(du)沒(mei)有(you)影(ying)響(xiang)。目前,國內(nei)采用(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生產(chan)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)(de)企業,只(zhi)有(you)南方一家(jia)公司。該公司燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工作襯用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)度(du)堿(jian)性耐火制(zhi)品砌筑,厚度(du)為350mm。工作襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼(gang)殼(ke)之間用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌筑。以重柴油為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上(shang)下布置,間距900mm。每(mei)(mei)排設(she)計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每(mei)(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一臺計(ji)量泵供油,一次(ci)空氣由羅(luo)茨風機供應(ying)。實際生產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全(quan)部自動(dong)化控制(zhi),生產(chan)能力。

4、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅燒工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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