河北合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數(shu):34604目前我國生產河北合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)(de)原料(liao)有菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即先(xian)將(jiang)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低(di)的(de)(de)溫度下輕(qing)燒(shao),生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂、輕(qing)燒(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型(xing),最后經過高溫煅(duan)燒(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)出不(bu)同牌號的(de)(de)合成鎂鈣(gai)砂。具體的(de)(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)球、焦炭豎窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)球、高溫燃(ran)油豎窯(yao)和(he)回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干(gan)法(fa)壓坯(pi)、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝
該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)鈣砂是以(yi)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)(yun)石(shi)和(he)(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)(yun)石(shi)和(he)(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比(bi)例加(jia)入輪(lun)碾機中再加(jia)水混合,混好的(de)合成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓(ya)球(qiu)(qiu)機上壓(ya)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu),干燥后(hou)裝入以(yi)焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)無煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎(shu)窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式(shi)是焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)無煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)和(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)層裝入。我國遼寧省生(sheng)(sheng)產合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)鈣砂的(de)企(qi)業中,大部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用(yong)豎(shu)窯(yao)的(de)規格一般為(wei)3m×16m。該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡單,產品成(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅燒(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)混在(zai)一起,焦(jiao)炭(tan)(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)灰分(fen)有一部分(fen)混入到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)中,增加(jia)了產品的(de)雜質含量。
3、干法壓(ya)球、燃油豎窯煅(duan)燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)(gai)砂。將高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合(he)磨細后,直接(jie)將干粉料(liao)送入高(gao)壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后再送入高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的優勢是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)油(you)噴入到(dao)(dao)料(liao)層內(nei)(nei),在料(liao)層內(nei)(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao),可(ke)達到(dao)(dao)1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰分(fen),對(dui)物料(liao)的純(chun)度(du)(du)沒(mei)有(you)影響。目前,國內(nei)(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)(gai)砂的企業(ye),只有(you)南方一(yi)家公(gong)(gong)司。該(gai)公(gong)(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)的規格(ge)為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的工(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品砌筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)體(ti)鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕質保溫(wen)磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計4排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布(bu)置,間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設計16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均布(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一(yi)臺計量泵(beng)供油(you),一(yi)次(ci)空(kong)氣由羅茨(ci)風機供應(ying)。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)(yao),全(quan)部自動化(hua)控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)。
4、干法壓(ya)球、回轉窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。