密云合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏(liu)覽次數:34719目前我國生產密云合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)原料有菱鎂石、白(bai)云石和石灰(hui)石。所采用(yong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即(ji)先將(jiang)菱鎂石、白(bai)云石和石灰(hui)石在較低(di)的(de)溫(wen)度下輕(qing)燒(shao),生產出(chu)輕(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化鎂、輕(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)云石和生石灰(hui)。然后進行配料、磨(mo)細、混(hun)料、成型,最后經過高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)出(chu)不同(tong)牌號的(de)合成鎂鈣砂。具(ju)體的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半干法壓(ya)坯、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半干法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干法壓(ya)球、高(gao)溫(wen)燃油(you)豎(shu)窯和回轉窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒工藝(yi)該煅燒工藝(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球(qiu)、焦(jiao)炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
該(gai)煅燒(shao)工藝生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)(sha)是以輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)為原料(liao)。將(jiang)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量(liang)后按(an)比例(li)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)輪碾機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)再加(jia)水混(hun)(hun)(hun)合,混(hun)(hun)(hun)好的(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥(gun)壓球(qiu)機(ji)上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)以焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤(mei)為燃料(liao)的(de)(de)豎(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)方式是焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤(mei)和(he)料(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)。我國遼寧省生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)企業中(zhong)(zhong),大部分(fen)采(cai)用該(gai)煅燒(shao)工藝。所用豎(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅燒(shao)工藝簡(jian)單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅燒(shao)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)料(liao)球(qiu)和(he)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)混(hun)(hun)(hun)在一起,焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)灰(hui)分(fen)有一部分(fen)混(hun)(hun)(hun)入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)雜質含(han)量(liang)。
3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產高純度(du)(du)(du)合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂。將(jiang)高純度(du)(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石配(pei)料(liao)(liao)、混合(he)磨細后(hou),直接將(jiang)干(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)送入高壓壓球(qiu)機中干(gan)壓成球(qiu),然后(hou)再(zai)送入高溫(wen)燃油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝的優勢是燃料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內(nei)(nei)部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)高,可達到(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃料(liao)(liao)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)的純度(du)(du)(du)沒有影響(xiang)。目前,國內(nei)(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂的企業,只有南方(fang)一(yi)家公(gong)(gong)司(si)。該公(gong)(gong)司(si)燃油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)的規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的工作襯用(yong)(yong)(yong)高純度(du)(du)(du)堿性耐火制品(pin)砌筑,厚度(du)(du)(du)為350mm。工作襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之間用(yong)(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌筑。以(yi)重柴油(you)為燃料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布(bu)置,間距900mm。每(mei)排(pai)設(she)計16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均布(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配(pei)一(yi)臺計量泵供油(you),一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全(quan)部自動化控(kong)制,生(sheng)(sheng)產能力。
4、干法壓球、回轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。