房山合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次(ci)數:34968目前我國生產房山合成鎂鈣砂所使用的原(yuan)料(liao)有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的工(gong)藝為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)合(he)成工(gong)藝。即先將(jiang)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)較低的溫度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后進行配(pei)料(liao)、磨細、混(hun)料(liao)、成型,最后經過高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體的煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝有半干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝;半干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝;干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)球(qiu)、高(gao)溫燃油豎窯和(he)(he)(he)回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。
1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工藝該煅(duan)燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂是以輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白云石和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)為(wei)原料。將輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白云石和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)分別(bie)磨成(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量后(hou)按比例加(jia)入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)再加(jia)水混合,混好的(de)(de)合成(cheng)料在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)機上(shang)壓成(cheng)料球(qiu),干燥后(hou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)以焦(jiao)炭或無煙(yan)煤為(wei)燃料的(de)(de)豎窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)料方式(shi)是焦(jiao)炭或無煙(yan)煤和料球(qiu)分層(ceng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)。我(wo)國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂的(de)(de)企業中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大部分采(cai)用該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所用豎窯的(de)(de)規格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)燒(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)料球(qiu)和焦(jiao)炭混在(zai)一(yi)起,焦(jiao)炭燃燒(shao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)灰分有(you)一(yi)部分混入(ru)到(dao)料球(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),增加(jia)了(le)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)雜質含(han)量。
3、干法壓球、燃油(you)豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)。將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石配料(liao)(liao)、混合磨(mo)細后,直(zhi)接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)(liao)送入高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓壓球機(ji)中干壓成(cheng)(cheng)球,然(ran)后再(zai)送入高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)優(you)勢(shi)是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴(pen)入到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層內,在料(liao)(liao)層內部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao),可達到(dao)1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后不(bu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)灰分(fen),對物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純度(du)(du)沒有(you)影響。目(mu)前(qian),國內采用(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)的(de)企(qi)業,只有(you)南(nan)方(fang)一家公(gong)司(si)。該(gai)公(gong)司(si)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)的(de)規(gui)格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品砌(qi)筑,厚度(du)(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕(qing)(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑。以重柴(chai)油(you)為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布(bu)(bu)置(zhi),間(jian)距900mm。每排設計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周(zhou)均布(bu)(bu)。采用(yong)無冷(leng)卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一臺計量泵(beng)供(gong)油(you),一次空氣(qi)由羅茨風機(ji)供(gong)應(ying)。實際生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使用(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯(yao)和(he)出窯(yao),全部自動(dong)化控制,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。
4、干法(fa)壓球、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。