大興合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34982目前我國生產大興合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用(yong)的原(yuan)料有菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用(yong)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在較低的溫度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出(chu)(chu)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰。然后進行(xing)配(pei)料、磨(mo)細、混料、成(cheng)型,最(zui)后經(jing)過高溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出(chu)(chu)不(bu)同牌號的合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。具(ju)體的煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)(ban)干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)(ban)干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)球、焦炭豎窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)球、高溫燃油豎窯(yao)和(he)回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅燒工(gong)藝該煅燒工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)分(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量(liang)(liang)后按(an)比(bi)例加入(ru)輪(lun)碾機(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)再加水混(hun)合,混(hun)好的(de)合成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在雙輥(gun)壓(ya)球機(ji)上(shang)壓(ya)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干(gan)燥后裝入(ru)以焦(jiao)炭或(huo)無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方式是焦(jiao)炭或(huo)無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤和(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)層裝入(ru)。我國遼寧省生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業中(zhong)(zhong),大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)采用(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝。所用(yong)豎窯的(de)規格一(yi)(yi)般為3m×16m。該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝簡(jian)單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但在煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)(zhong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球和(he)焦(jiao)炭混(hun)在一(yi)(yi)起,焦(jiao)炭燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)灰分(fen)(fen)有一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球中(zhong)(zhong),增加了(le)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)雜質含(han)量(liang)(liang)。
3、干(gan)法(fa)壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產高純(chun)度(du)(du)合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)。將(jiang)高純(chun)度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合(he)磨細后,直接將(jiang)干粉(fen)料(liao)送入(ru)高壓壓球機(ji)中干壓成球,然(ran)后再(zai)送入(ru)高溫(wen)燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)油(you)噴入(ru)到料(liao)層內,在(zai)料(liao)層內部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,可(ke)達到1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后不(bu)產生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)的(de)(de)純(chun)度(du)(du)沒(mei)有(you)影響(xiang)。目前,國內采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)(de)企業(ye),只有(you)南(nan)方(fang)一家公(gong)司(si)。該公(gong)司(si)燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品(pin)砌筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)體(ti)鋼(gang)殼之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保(bao)溫(wen)磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上(shang)下布置(zhi),間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周(zhou)均布。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每(mei)支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一臺計(ji)量泵(beng)供(gong)油(you),一次空氣(qi)由羅茨風機(ji)供(gong)應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產中使用(yong)(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)(yao),全部自動化控(kong)制,生(sheng)(sheng)產能力(li)。
4、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。