目前我國生產甘孜合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的原料有菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為二步(bu)煅(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即(ji)先(xian)將菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的溫度(du)下輕(qing)燒(shao)，生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)配料、磨細、混料、成型(xing)，最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao)，煅(duan)燒(shao)出不(bu)同牌號的合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體的煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半干法壓坯、隧道窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)；半干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)；干法壓球(qiu)、高(gao)溫燃油豎窯(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)回轉窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)工藝該煅燒(shao)工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰，然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料，經過攪拌混合，入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化，再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料，在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯，經過干燥，裝于隧道窯車上，推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m，共52個車位，以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料，設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴，煅燒溫度1620~1650℃，年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻，保溫時間長，物料達到充分燒結。因此，可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝

該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)分(fen)別磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉，計量后按比例(li)加入(ru)(ru)(ru)輪碾(nian)機中再加水混合(he)(he)，混好的合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)，干燥(zao)后裝入(ru)(ru)(ru)以焦(jiao)炭(tan)或(huo)無(wu)煙煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的豎窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式是焦(jiao)炭(tan)或(huo)無(wu)煙煤和(he)(he)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層裝入(ru)(ru)(ru)。我(wo)國遼寧省(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂的企業中，大(da)部(bu)分(fen)采用該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎窯的規格(ge)一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝簡單，產(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)本低(di)，但在(zai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過(guo)程中料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和(he)(he)焦(jiao)炭(tan)混在(zai)一起，焦(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的灰分(fen)有一部(bu)分(fen)混入(ru)(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中，增加了(le)產(chan)品的雜質(zhi)含量。

3、干法壓球、燃油(you)豎窯煅(duan)燒工藝

該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)產(chan)高純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)(du)(du)(du)合成鎂鈣砂(sha)(sha)。將高純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)(du)(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)配(pei)料(liao)(liao)、混(hun)合磨細后，直接將干粉(fen)料(liao)(liao)送入(ru)高壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)機中干壓(ya)成球(qiu)，然后再送入(ru)高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)優(you)勢是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴(pen)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)層內，在料(liao)(liao)層內部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)，煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)高，可達到1800℃以上；燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)生(sheng)灰分，對物(wu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)影響(xiang)。目前，國內采用(yong)(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)合成鎂鈣砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)企(qi)業，只(zhi)有(you)南方一家公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)的(de)(de)規格(ge)為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m，窯(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)(yong)高純(chun)(chun)(chun)度(du)(du)(du)(du)堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌筑(zhu)，厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯于窯(yao)體鋼殼之間用(yong)(yong)(yong)輕質保溫(wen)磚砌筑(zhu)。以重柴(chai)油(you)為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)，煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)，上下(xia)布置，間距900mm。每排(pai)(pai)設計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)，沿(yan)圓周均(jun)布。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)，每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配(pei)一臺(tai)計(ji)量泵(beng)供油(you)，一次空氣(qi)由羅茨(ci)風機供應。實際生(sheng)產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)(yong)一排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)和出窯(yao)，全部自(zi)動(dong)化控制(zhi)，生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)。

4、干(gan)法壓球、回轉窯煅燒工(gong)藝

目前，國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為：將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后，經過攪拌昆合，磨成細粉，送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球，然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂，以重油作燃料，采用機械霧化燒嘴，窯尾設煙氣換熱器，將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃，煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂，產量2~2.5t/h，油耗300kg/t。