承德合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏覽次數(shu):34902目前我國生產承德合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)原料(liao)(liao)有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)二(er)步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即(ji)先將菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在(zai)較(jiao)低的(de)溫度下輕燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和生石(shi)(shi)灰。然(ran)后進行(xing)配料(liao)(liao)、磨細、混(hun)料(liao)(liao)、成(cheng)型,最后經過高溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)。具體的(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法壓球(qiu)、高溫燃油(you)豎窯和回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法壓坯、隧(sui)道(dao)窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)是(shi)以(yi)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分(fen)別(bie)磨(mo)成細粉(fen),計量后(hou)按比例加入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加水混合(he),混好(hao)的合(he)成料(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓(ya)球機上壓(ya)成料(liao)(liao)球,干燥后(hou)裝入(ru)以(yi)焦炭或無(wu)煙煤為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的豎窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式是(shi)焦炭或無(wu)煙煤和(he)料(liao)(liao)球分(fen)層裝入(ru)。我(wo)國遼寧省生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)的企業中(zhong),大(da)部分(fen)采(cai)用該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝。所(suo)用豎窯(yao)的規格(ge)一般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成本低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球和(he)焦炭混在一起,焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的灰分(fen)有一部分(fen)混入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增加了產(chan)(chan)品的雜質(zhi)含量。
3、干(gan)法壓球、燃油豎窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用于生產(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)純度合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂。將高(gao)(gao)純度輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合(he)磨細后(hou)(hou),直(zhi)接將干粉料(liao)送入高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)壓(ya)球機中干壓(ya)成球,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)送入高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)燃油豎(shu)窯內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)優勢是燃料(liao)油噴入到料(liao)層內(nei)(nei),在(zai)料(liao)層內(nei)(nei)部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度高(gao)(gao),可達到1800℃以上;燃料(liao)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)產(chan)(chan)生灰分,對(dui)物料(liao)的(de)(de)純度沒有影響。目(mu)前(qian),國(guo)內(nei)(nei)采(cai)用該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)(de)企業(ye),只有南(nan)方一(yi)家(jia)公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃油豎(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)用高(gao)(gao)純度堿(jian)性耐火制(zhi)品砌筑,厚度為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)于窯體鋼(gang)殼之間(jian)用輕質(zhi)保溫(wen)(wen)磚(zhuan)砌筑。以重(zhong)柴油為燃料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度>1800℃。設計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布置(zhi),間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均布。采(cai)用無冷(leng)卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一(yi)臺計(ji)量泵(beng)供(gong)油,一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供(gong)應。實際生產(chan)(chan)中使用一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝窯和(he)出窯,全部自動化(hua)控制(zhi),生產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力。
4、干法(fa)壓球(qiu)、回轉窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。