鹽城合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34908目前我國生產鹽城合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的原料有菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二(er)步煅燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的溫度(du)下(xia)輕燒(shao),生產出(chu)輕燒(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配料、磨細(xi)、混料、成(cheng)型,最后經(jing)過高溫煅燒(shao),煅燒(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)。具體的煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法壓球、高溫燃油豎(shu)窯和(he)(he)回(hui)轉(zhuan)窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半(ban)干法壓坯、隧(sui)道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝該煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工藝
該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂是(shi)以輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂為原料(liao)(liao)。將輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂分(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比(bi)例(li)加入(ru)輪(lun)碾機中再加水混(hun)合,混(hun)好的合成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙(shuang)輥壓球(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu),干燥后(hou)裝(zhuang)入(ru)以焦炭(tan)(tan)或無煙煤(mei)為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)的豎(shu)窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方式是(shi)焦炭(tan)(tan)或無煙煤(mei)和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)(fen)層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我(wo)國(guo)遼(liao)寧(ning)省生產(chan)(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂的企業中,大部分(fen)(fen)采用(yong)該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用(yong)豎(shu)窯(yao)的規(gui)格一(yi)般為3m×16m。該(gai)(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭(tan)(tan)混(hun)在一(yi)起,焦炭(tan)(tan)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的灰(hui)分(fen)(fen)有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)混(hun)入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中,增加了(le)產(chan)(chan)品的雜質(zhi)含量。
3、干(gan)法(fa)壓球、燃油(you)豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高(gao)純度(du)(du)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。將高(gao)純度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合(he)磨細后,直接將干(gan)粉料(liao)送入高(gao)壓壓球機(ji)中(zhong)干(gan)壓成(cheng)球,然后再(zai)送入高(gao)溫燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種(zhong)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)油(you)噴入到料(liao)層內,在(zai)料(liao)層內部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)高(gao),可(ke)達(da)到1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不(bu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灰分(fen),對物料(liao)的(de)純度(du)(du)沒有(you)影響。目前,國內采(cai)用(yong)該(gai)(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂的(de)企(qi)業,只(zhi)有(you)南(nan)方一家(jia)公(gong)司(si)。該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)的(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)工作襯(chen)用(yong)高(gao)純度(du)(du)堿性(xing)耐火(huo)制品砌筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工作襯(chen)于窯(yao)體鋼殼之(zhi)間用(yong)輕(qing)質保溫磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上(shang)下布置(zhi),間距900mm。每排(pai)設計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均(jun)布。采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)冷(leng)卻(que)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一臺計(ji)量泵供(gong)油(you),一次(ci)空(kong)氣由羅茨風機(ji)供(gong)應(ying)。實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)一排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯(yao)和(he)出(chu)窯(yao),全部自動化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。
4、干法壓球(qiu)、回轉窯(yao)煅燒工藝(yi)
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。