蘇州合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:34915目前我國生產蘇州合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的(de)(de)原料(liao)(liao)有(you)菱(ling)鎂(mei)石、白(bai)(bai)云石和(he)石灰石。所采用的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為(wei)二步(bu)煅燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)石、白(bai)(bai)云石和(he)石灰石在較低的(de)(de)溫度(du)下輕(qing)燒(shao),生產出輕(qing)燒(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)(bai)云石和(he)生石灰。然后進行配料(liao)(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)(liao)、成型,最后經過高溫煅燒(shao),煅燒(shao)出不同牌號的(de)(de)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)(de)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有(you)半(ban)干(gan)法壓坯、隧(sui)道窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半(ban)干(gan)法壓球、焦(jiao)炭(tan)豎窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干(gan)法壓球、高溫燃油(you)豎窯(yao)和(he)回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干(gan)法壓坯、隧道窯(yao)煅燒(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)該煅燒(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎窯(yao)煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生產(chan)(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)為(wei)原料。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)分(fen)別磨(mo)成(cheng)細粉,計量后按比(bi)例加(jia)入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加(jia)水混(hun)(hun)合(he),混(hun)(hun)好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)料在雙輥壓球(qiu)(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)料球(qiu)(qiu),干燥后裝入(ru)以焦炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤為(wei)燃料的(de)豎窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料方式是焦炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤和料球(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)層裝入(ru)。我國遼寧省生產(chan)(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)的(de)企業中(zhong),大部分(fen)采用該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝。所用豎窯的(de)規(gui)格一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但(dan)在煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)料球(qiu)(qiu)和焦炭混(hun)(hun)在一(yi)(yi)起(qi),焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)灰分(fen)有一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)混(hun)(hun)入(ru)到料球(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)雜質(zhi)含(han)量。
3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高純度(du)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂。將(jiang)高純度(du)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石配(pei)料(liao)、混(hun)合磨細后,直接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)送(song)入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然(ran)后再送(song)入高溫燃油(you)豎窯內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這(zhe)種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的優(you)勢(shi)是燃料(liao)油(you)噴入到料(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內,在料(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)內部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)高,可達到1800℃以上(shang);燃料(liao)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)的純度(du)沒(mei)有(you)影響(xiang)。目(mu)前,國內采用(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂的企業,只有(you)南方一家(jia)公司(si)。該公司(si)燃油(you)豎窯的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的工(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)高純度(du)堿性耐火制品砌筑,厚度(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作襯于窯體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)(qing)質保溫磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為(wei)燃料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上(shang)下布置,間(jian)距900mm。每排設(she)計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無冷卻(que)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配(pei)一臺計量泵供油(you),一次空(kong)氣由羅茨風機供應。實際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯和(he)出(chu)窯,全部自動(dong)化(hua)控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力。
4、干法壓(ya)球、回(hui)轉窯(yao)煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。