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通州電弧熔爐生產電熔氧化鎂(電熔鎂砂)的生產流程

發布(bu)日期:2022-08-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:25715

電(dian)弧熔爐生產電(dian)熔氧化鎂的工藝流(liu)程(cheng)主要包括(kuo):原料配料、電(dian)弧熔融、破碎、選(xuan)(xuan)別、粉碎、篩(shai)別、磁選(xuan)(xuan)、分類包裝等。

(1)原料

我國有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)優質菱(ling)鎂(mei)礦石,氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)含量高,又(you)易于開采,因此,被廣泛用(yong)作電熔(rong)(rong)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)的(de)原料。采用(yong)菱(ling)鎂(mei)石作原料,碳(tan)酸鎂(mei)分解產生CO2氣體,由于有(you)大量氣體從爐(lu)內(nei)排出影(ying)響著電熔(rong)(rong)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)進行:

MgCO3→MgO+CO2↑

對電熔(rong)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)的結晶帶的形成(cheng)均有不利影響,由(you)于大量塵料飛損,使物料損耗(hao)和能量消耗(hao)增(zeng)高,也惡(e)化(hua)(hua)了(le)車間生產環境。但由(you)于優質(zhi)菱鎂(mei)礦石容易獲(huo)得,價格(ge)很低廉(lian),所以,仍是(shi)我國電熔(rong)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)用(yong)得最多最廣(guang)泛的原料。

(2)配料

①菱鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)礦。菱鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)礦石中(zhong)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)含量(liang)高低和化(hua)(hua)學(xue)成分(fen)直接(jie)影響到電(dian)(dian)熔凝(ning)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)質量(liang),同時在電(dian)(dian)熔過程中(zhong)也(ye)直接(jie)影響到電(dian)(dian)熔凝(ning)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)得到的(de)品級比(bi)例(li),因此(ci),為了(le)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)熔凝(ning)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)質量(liang)和品級比(bi)例(li),必須對(dui)各(ge)種礦石進行(xing)適當的(de)配比(bi)后進行(xing)熔煉。


v5.jpg


②水鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)。我國的遼寧省水鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)的礦源非常豐富(fu),水鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)中氧化鎂(mei)含量高于菱鎂(mei)礦石(shi)(shi)。它(ta)也(ye)是一(yi)種制造電熔凝氧化鎂(mei)的原料,部分(fen)地區水鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)的化學成分(fen)見表2。

表2水鎂(mei)石的化學成分/%

③輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂。以輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂作(zuo)為電熔氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂原(yuan)料,可以使生產環境得到(dao)改善,可以降低運輸費(fei)用。由(you)于電熔時排出氣(qi)體少,成分也(ye)較均勻,對(dui)提高電熔氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂質量有利。

我(wo)國有一(yi)些電熔(rong)(rong)凝氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)以輕(qing)燒氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)制成球(qiu)料入(ru)爐(lu)電熔(rong)(rong)。輕(qing)燒氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)含(han)量達到98%,以此(ci)料能生產出白色大結晶(jing)電熔(rong)(rong)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)。但由(you)于成球(qiu)費用高,影(ying)響(xiang)生產成本。目前,有的(de)(de)廠家采用反射爐(lu)輕(qing)燒氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei),以一(yi)定的(de)(de)粒(li)度加入(ru)熔(rong)(rong)爐(lu)電熔(rong)(rong),電熔(rong)(rong)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)的(de)(de)質量比(bi)用菱鎂(mei)礦石好,成本又(you)比(bi)用球(qiu)料作(zuo)原料時便宜,因而得到了一(yi)定的(de)(de)推廣(guang)。


④燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)鎂(mei)砂(sha)。為(wei)了某些電熔(rong)凝(ning)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)的特(te)殊要(yao)求,有時必(bi)須在電熔(rong)過程中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)結(jie)(jie)鎂(mei)砂(sha)作(zuo)為(wei)電熔(rong)原料(liao),如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)海水鎂(mei)砂(sha)作(zuo)為(wei)電熔(rong)原料(liao),一般首先(xian)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)處理(li)海水和石灰(hui)乳作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)產氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei),將氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)成輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)他方法(fa)也(ye)可以制(zhi)得(de)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)(詳見工業氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)的制(zhi)取(qu)方法(fa)),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)作(zuo)為(wei)原料(liao)生(sheng)產電熔(rong)凝(ning)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)。奧絲脫(AusT)和拉(la)特(te)爾(er)(Ruttere)等(deng)研(yan)究認(ren)為(wei),極少量的雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)氣體(相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))也(ye)屬(shu)于晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體的雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi),可明顯(xian)影(ying)響晶(jing)(jing)(jing)粒(li)的長大(da)。因為(wei)雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在于增加晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界運動所(suo)需的能量。當晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界與(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遇時,晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體能量降(jiang)低,其(qi)降(jiang)低量與(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橫(heng)(heng)截面積成正比,所(suo)以必(bi)須提高(gao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界能,晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界才能離開第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繼續運動。并(bing)且當晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界與(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遇時,與(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)橫(heng)(heng)截面積相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)的晶(jing)(jing)(jing)界必(bi)須變形(xing),第(di)(di)二(er)(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數量愈多(duo),晶(jing)(jing)(jing)粒(li)長大(da)的極限(xian)尺寸(cun)愈小。


另一方(fang)面(mian)為了(le)降低電(dian)熔(rong)凝氧化(hua)鎂(mei)的顯(xian)(xian)氣孔率,也應盡量減(jian)少原料氧化(hua)鎂(mei)的氣體排出,因此,采(cai)用燒結鎂(mei)砂電(dian)熔(rong)有(you)其顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)優點。

⑤電熔氧化(hua)(hua)鎂單晶(jing)的化(hua)(hua)學原(yuan)料質量要求:

(3)電弧熔融

這些特性(xing)(xing)是同原子(zi)(zi)和(he)分子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)量子(zi)(zi)力學本性(xing)(xing)如離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)半徑的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun),離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)電位數值,離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)電子(zi)(zi)外(wai)層結(jie)構等(deng)相關聯。而氧化鎂的(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)尺(chi)寸(cun)、質量和(he)電荷、陽離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)和(he)陰離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)之間的(de)(de)結(jie)合特性(xing)(xing)和(he)強度、離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)極化作用、結(jie)晶(jing)構造等(deng)決定它是一高熔點化合物。

氧(yang)化鎂的熔(rong)(rong)點(dian)和結(jie)構(gou)參數(shu):陽離(li)子(zi)(zi)半(ban)徑0.074mm;陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)半(ban)徑0.53mm;結(jie)構(gou)類型NaCl;配(pei)位數(shu)6;有效配(pei)位數(shu)8.5;密度(du)3.65g/cm3;熔(rong)(rong)點(dian)2800℃。

電熔(rong)(rong)凝氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)制造的(de)(de)最重要過程(cheng)是(shi)由各種(zhong)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質原料,通(tong)過各種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)加熱方(fang)法產生(sheng)高溫(wen)使(shi)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質材料(MgO)熔(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua),變(bian)成(cheng)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)。要使(shi)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)熔(rong)(rong)融,必(bi)須(xu)消耗大(da)量的(de)(de)熱能,以克服離(li)子間(jian)的(de)(de)引力。通(tong)過強大(da)電弧(hu)產生(sheng)高溫(wen)而熔(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)方(fang)法叫做電弧(hu)熔(rong)(rong)融法。這個融化(hua)(hua)過程(cheng)一(yi)般包括熱的(de)(de)傳導、脫水、脫碳、熔(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)、析晶、晶體(ti)長大(da)等(deng)一(yi)系列物理(li)化(hua)(hua)學變(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)。

①脫水(shui)過程。用水(shui)鎂(mei)石作原料有一脫水(shui)過程。水(shui)鎂(mei)石的(de)主要成分是(shi)氫氧化(hua)鎂(mei)Mg(OH)2。其脫水(shui)過程是(shi):

Mg(OH)2→MgO+H2O

②脫(tuo)碳(tan)過(guo)程。用菱鎂(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)作(zuo)為(wei)原料時有一個脫(tuo)碳(tan)過(guo)程,脫(tuo)碳(tan)過(guo)程包括兩個方面。一方面是菱鎂(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)石的熱分解,菱鎂(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)石的主要成分是碳(tan)酸鎂(mei)(MgCO3):

MgCO3→MgO+CO2

另一方面,由于(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)熔(rong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)往往在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)原料氧化鎂中(zhong)加入石(shi)(shi)墨粉末(mo)添加物(wu)(助(zhu)劑(ji)),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)熔(rong)爐起動過程(cheng)中(zhong)需在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三電(dian)極(石(shi)(shi)墨電(dian)極)的(de)下端用石(shi)(shi)墨粉末(mo)鋪成(cheng)三角形(xing)或(huo)星形(xing)導線(xian)路(lu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)通電(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)受熱燒(shao)損或(huo)完全燃燒(shao)除(chu)去(qu)石(shi)(shi)墨。

C+O2→CO2↑

③熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)程。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)程即(ji)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)中(zhong)(zhong)鎂(mei)離子(zi)(zi)和氧離子(zi)(zi)在(zai)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)熱(re)(re)能作用下,克服單晶體中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)晶格能的(de)束縛,變成(cheng)能自由運動的(de)過(guo)程。也就(jiu)是說,氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)加熱(re)(re)到(dao)一定溫(wen)度(熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點)就(jiu)會由固體變成(cheng)液體,叫熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)。在(zai)這一過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)消(xiao)(xiao)耗大量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。據電(dian)(dian)(dian)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)凝氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者對用水鎂(mei)石作原料(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)凝氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)的(de)熱(re)(re)平衡的(de)衡算(suan),熱(re)(re)消(xiao)(xiao)耗的(de)比例如(ru)下:氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)晶體生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)熱(re)(re)消(xiao)(xiao)耗值(zhi)(zhi)34.9%,渣皮消(xiao)(xiao)耗熱(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)15.3%,散砂生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)熱(re)(re)耗值(zhi)(zhi)3.0%,冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)水耗熱(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)8.4%,冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)爐殼的(de)水耗熱(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)7.9%,爐子(zi)(zi)表面散熱(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)6.4%,煙氣帶走熱(re)(re)值(zhi)(zhi)28.8%。電(dian)(dian)(dian)能損失值(zhi)(zhi)3.2%,從這些(xie)統計數(shu)據可以看出,在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)


相關標(biao)簽: 電熔鎂砂

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